Polyamides from the reaction of phenolic nucleus cross-linked dimer,a diamine,and a monocarboxylic fatty acid

ABSTRACT

NEW POLYAMIDES ARE PREPARED BY REACTING A DIAMINE, A FATTY ACID OF 1-24 CARBON ATOMS AND PHENOLIC, NUCLEUSCROSS-LINKED DIMERIC ACID ESTER OR A DIMERIC ACID WHICH IS A HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT OF SAID ESTER (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS &#34;NUCLEUS-CROSS-LINKED DIMERS&#34;) OBTAINED BY ADDITION POLYMERIZATION OF 2 MOLES OF AN UNSATURATED FATTY ACID/ LOWER ALCOHOL ESTER AND 1 MOLE OF PHENOL OR A PHENOL DERIVATIVE (HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS &#34;PHENOLS&#34;), WHICH NUCLEUS-CROSS-LINKED DIMER IS COMPOSED OF TWO MOLECULES OF THE UNSATURATED FATTY ACID ESTER LINKED TOGETHER THROUGH AN AROMATIC NUCLEUS OF ONE MOLECULE OF THE PHENOL.

United States Patent O 3,793,270 POLYAMIDES FROM THE REACTION OF PHENO- LIC NUCLEUS CROSS-LINKED DIMER, A DI- AMINACID E, AND A MONOCARBOXYLIC FAITY Atsushi Goukon, Yasuyuki Kawakatsu, Wataru Yano, and Itsuo Minakata, Wakayama, Japan, assignors to Kao Soap Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan No Drawing. Filed Dec. 27, 1971, Ser. No. 212,667 Claims priority, application Japan, Dec. 29, 1970, 46/126,390 Int. Cl. C08g 20/26 US. Cl. 260-18 N Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is related to copending application Ser. No. 206,440, filed Dec. 9, 1971, and entitled Process for Preparing Novel Dimer Acid Esters, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention The present invention relates .to novel polyamides.

Description of the prior art The preparation of polyamides from polymerized fatty acids and polyalkylenepolyamines and the use of the resulting polyamides as, for example, binders for printing inks is known. However, conventional polyamides are not satisfactory with respect to their weather resistance. In many cases, deterioration is caused by exposing the polyamides to air, sunlight or high temperature or by storage for a long period of time. Indexes to the deterioration of polyamides are, for example, putrid smell, increase in viscosity and reduction in gloss.

The object of the present invention is to provide new polyamides free from these defects. Polyamides of excellent weather resistance can be prepared by using nucleuscross-linked dimers as starting materials.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, polyamides are pre pared by a dehydration condensation reaction of (1) a nucleus-cross-linked dimer, (2) a diamineand (3) amonofunctional reactant for regulating the molecular weight of the polyamide to be obtained.

The nucleus-cross-linked dimeric acid esters are prepared by an acid catalyzed reaction of (A) 2 moles of an ester, derived from an unsaturated fatty acid of -22 carbon atoms and a saturated alcohol of 1-8 carbon atoms, with (B) 1 mole of a phenol of the following general formula:

wherein R is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms or OH, R is H. CH or CHgCHz and n is O, 1 or 2, with the proviso that at least two of the oand p-positions to 0R are unsubstituted. The nucleus-cross-linked dimeric acids are obtained by hydrolysis of the thus obtained nucleus-crosslinked dimeric acid esters.

Suitable diamines are the conventionally used aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic diamines of the general formula:

wherein R is a hydrocarbon residue of 1-8 carbon atoms, such as ethylenediamine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, p-xylenediamine, m-xylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine and cyclohexanediamine.

Suitable monofunctional reactants for regulating the molecular weight of the polyamide may be any saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched-chain fatty acids of 1-24 carbon atoms and mixtures of them.

As catalyst, known acid catalysts suitable for catalyzing the dehydration condensation reaction, such as phosphoric acid, may be used. The reaction may also be carried out in the absence of catalyst.

The condensation reaction is carried out generally at ZOO-250 C. for about 3-20 hours, preferably 5-10 hours. For preventing coloring, the reaction may be carried out under an inert gas stream, such as nitrogen. For accelerating the reaction, the reaction may be elfected under reduced pressure.

The invention also includes the polyamidation of a reaction system in which the ingredient (l) is a mixture of (a) a conventional polymerized fatty acid or its ester and (b) nucleus-cross-linked dimers according to the present invention. Conventional polymerized fatty acids are ordinary polymerization products of unsaturated fatty acids of 12-18 carbon atoms and the amounts of the above (a) and (b) are in the range of (a) Oto (equiv.) to (b) to 20 (equiv.).

The preferred proportions of the starting materials in the polyamidation reaction according to the present invention are within the following range:

Equivalent (mole) Dimer 0.476 (0.238)-0.353 (0.176) Fatty acid 0.024 (0.024)-0.l47 (0.147) Diamine 0.50 (0.25 )-0.50 (0.25)

The optimum proportions comprise 0.5 equivalent of diamine, 0.45-0.38 equivalent of dimer and 0.05-0.12 equivalent of fatty acid.

EXAMPLES 1-5 In an autoclave, 80 kg. of conjugated methyl esters of safilower fatty acids (A.V. 18.9; S.V. 190.9; I.V. 170.3), 12.9 kg. of phenol and 8 kg. of activated clay were charged and the mixture was reacted at 230 C. for 8 hours. The activated clay was removed by filtration. The phenol was distilled out under reduced pressure and then the methyl esters of fatty acids and adduct thereof with phenol was distilled out by means of a thin film evaporator to obtain methyl esters of nucleus-cross-linked dimeric acid which was nucleus-cross-linked with phenol. The product was hydrolyzed to obtain dimeric acids nucleus-cross-linked with phenol (hereinafter referred to as A). Analytical values (physical constants) of A were as follows:

Acid value (A.V.) 173.2 Saponification value (S.V.) 173.6 Iodine value (I.V.) 72.5 Hydroxyl value (OH.V.) 46.4

Various polyamides were prepared using A. The results Blocking test: Aluminum foils were printed with the are shown in ZIabe 1. The condensation reaction was above inks, dried with air for a day and irradiated with effected at 230 C. for 6 hours. ultraviolet rays with a Fade Meter (FA-2) of Toyo Rika TABLE 1 Starting materials Produced polyamides Viscosity Softening Example Dimeric Wt. Wt. Monofunctional Wt. f l number acid (g.) Polyamine (g.) reactant (g.) A.V. TAmV. OH.V. tiimfi eii. C

1 A i. 000 Ethylene diamine. 129 Sperm fatty acid. 250 6.0 0.2 47.0 59 101 do 115 do 150 3.9 7.8 49.5 178 100 121 do 185 4.3 1.8 27.8 168 108 1,000 do 116 Stearic acid 174 2.9 3.9 48.3 114 109 1 000 do 121 Acetic acid 56 6.0 2. 50.3 90 112 N ores: Dlfnttzl'ic a iiid: Dmefi'lc tacid obtained by polymerization of safflower oil TAmV.: Total amine value. a Y am S ea Viscosity of solution: Measured in 35% solution of toluene/isopropaigggig Measured by mug and ban apparatus (ASTM nol=2l1 by weight at 25 C.

EXAMPLES 6-17 AND COMPARATIVE Kogyo Co. at 60 C. for hours. The printed surfaces EXAMPLES 1-2 were placed on top of one another and kept under a load of 500 g./cm. at 60 C. for 24 hours and, thereafter, degrees of blocking of the printed aluminum foil surfaces were observed.

Results: No blocking was found in inks containing the polyamides obtained in Examples 1-17, while complete blocking was found in inks containing polyamides obtained from commercial dimeric acids in Comparative Ex:

Various polyamides were prepared from ethylenedi- 20 amine, fatty acids and nucleus-cross-linked dimers different from those in Examples l5. The molar proportion of unsaturated fatty acid esters to phenols used in the preparation of the nucleus-cross-linked dimers were 2:1. The reactions were carried out under the same con- 25 ditions as in Examples 11-5. The dehydration condensation reactions were carried out in the same manner as in Examples and Separation of the Printed aluminum foil amples 1-5, namely, at 230 C. for 6 hours. surfaces from each other was diflicult.

TABLE 2 Starting materials Produced polyamides Viscosity Dimeric Wt. Wt. Monofunctional Wt. of solution, Softening acid (g.) Polyamine (g.) reactant (g.) A.V. TAmV. OH.V. ep. point, 0.

Example number:

6 B 1,000 Ethylene-diamine Sperm fatty acid 90 3.2 5.7 79.8 120 81 B 1, 000 d 08 Acetic acid 36. 1 3.8 2.3 80.0 63 102 C ,000 d0. .d0 36.0 4.3 1.6 74.5 71 98 D 1,000 .d0 Sperm fatty acid.. 90 2.8 4.6 116 84 E 1,000 -d0 d0 5.4 8.0 115.3 100 90 E 1, 000 do Propionic acid 8.2 4.8 2.3 117.6 123 103 F 1, 000 do Acetic acid 8.7 5. 6 2.0 111.2 112 113 G 1,000 d0 Stearie acid 45.8 4.1 1.8 90.8 126 101 H 1, 000 Sperm fatty acid- 195 4.2 1.8 41.3 134 103 H 1,000 -dO Acetic acid 48 2.6 5.3 38.8 95 121 .T 1, 000 do Sperm fatty acid. 21.5 3.8 3.5 93 108 K 1, 000 do Propionic acid 59 4.3 1.6 1 103 100 Comparative Example:

1 Z 1, 000 do 113.9 Sperm fatty acid 80.5 4.0 0 8 144 111 2 Z 1, 000 do 41.9 Acetic acid 18.7 3.2 8 130 Starting materials of dimeric acids B-K are as follows: The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

50 1. A polyamide prepared by subjecting to condensation A.V. s.v. L.V. OH.

reaction, by heating at a temperature of 200 to 250 C.

: Methyl esters of safiiower oil fatty acids and m-cresol 175.8 176.4 75.6 .398 Commercial dimer; Empol 1022 (Trademark of Emery Industry).

B: Methyl oleate and penol 166. 0 166. 7 50. 3 76. 1 C: Bum oleate and mjcresoL 16M 16 762 723 for 3 to 20 hours, a reaction mixture consisting essen g: ggltayllolealte 8.11'1dai1;l1SO1% fi tially of (1) from 0.476 to 0.353 equivalent of a dimeric I y 1111 ecy 6112]. 8 8.11 p e 1991 1 99 1 99 a s s 5,121.19: 112299952552 zeraazirarzaaz 2 y ecy e 8. 6 a per butylphenol 203.4 207.6 49.8 91.4 H: 0cm esters of 8a fatty by hydrolysis of said dimeric ester, (2) 0.50 equivalent acids and phenol 174.0 175.1 748 41.0 of a diamme of the formula: J: Octyl esters of safflower oil fatty K acids and phenetole 172. 5 175. 1 72. 3 1.3 RCNHZ) 2 atoms and (3) from 0.024 to 0.147 equivalent of a monofunctional reactant comprising a fatty acid of l to 24 EXAMPLE OF UTILIZATION carbon atoms, to produce the polyamide, said dimeric ester having been obtained by the acid catalyzed addition polymerization of (a) 2 moles of an ester being an unsaturated higher monomeric aliphatic acid having 10 to 22 carbon atoms esterified with a saturated alcohol having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and (b) 1 mole of Inks were prepared from polyamides obtained in the above examples and comparative examples. Printed materials were tested by a blocking test after weathering. This test is employed generally as a deterioration promotion test.

p ti f 473 grams f polyamide and 7O phenol compound being phenol or a phenol derivative of g. of nitrocellulose (a product of Daicel Ltd., RSI/2) the general formula: OR,

were dissolved in a solvent (mixture of 68.6 g. of toluene,

19.7 g. of isopropanol, 14.6 g. of ethanol and 5.1 g. of

ethyl acetate) and then the resulting solution was milled (R0 with 15 g. of a pigment (Lyonol Red 2BL of Toyo Ink Co.) at room temperature for 15 hours.

60 wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 8 carbon 5 wherein R is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or OH, R is H, CH or CH CH and n is 0, 1 0r 2, provided that at least two of the oand p-positions to OR, are substituted.

2. The polyamide of claim 1, in which the said ester is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl esters of oleic acid, alkyl esters of undecylenic acid and alkyl esters of safllower oil fatty acids; and the phenol compound is selected from the group consisting of phenol, cresol, anisole, butylphenol and phenetole.

3. The polyamide of claim 1 in which the diamine is ethylenediamine.

4. The polyamide of claim 2, in which the phenol compound is phenol.

5. The polyamide of claim 2, in which the phenol compound is a cresol.

6 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,522,270 7/1970 Glaser 260-18 3,420,789 1/1969 Wilson 260-18 3,037,871 6/1962 Floyd et a1 260-18 2,374,576 4/ 1945 Brubaker 260-18 2,577,041 12/1951 Seymore 260-47 3,268,461 8/1966 Jacobson 260-18 3,483,149 12/1969 Gresenz et al. 260-18 3,597,376 8/ 1971 Tashiro et a1. 260-18 DONALD E. CZAJA, Primary Examiner E. C. RZUCIDLO, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.R. 

